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Article History

Received: 18 April 2024

Accepted: 12 April 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The original datasets were collected by the National Health Insurance Service in Republic of Korea. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Korea University approved the study protocol, including consent form, data collection, and data analysis. Because we only used publicly available dataset as secondary data, no more additional consent form from the participants was required in our study. Participant’s any identifiable information was completely anonymized before analyzing the datasets, and all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations in our study. No additional administrative permission was required to access and use the datasets. IRB exemption approval for this study was granted by Korea University (approval number: 1040548-KU-IRB- 16 - 139-A- 1). Then, we received the data used in this study from the NHIS after the NHIS reviewed our IRB-approved research protocol.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.