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Article History

Received: 27 January 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2025

First Online: 1 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study, conducted at the School of Medicine at the University of St. Gallen, was exempted from formal ethical review as it was deemed ethically unproblematic by the University of St. Gallen ethics committee. Before the interviews, all participants were informed of the purpose and procedures of the study. They provided verbal consent for their participation, including consent for audio recording of the sessions. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study at any point. Additionally, all collected data were anonymized and securely stored. All methods were conducted in compliance with the relevant guidelines, regulations, and principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not applicable.

: EP, OG, and TK are affiliated with the Centre for Digital Health Interventions (CDHI), a joint initiative of the Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, the Department of Management, Technology, and Economics at ETH Zurich, and the Institute of Technology Management and School of Medicine at the University of St. Gallen. CDHI is funded in part by CSS, a Swiss health insurer, the Swiss growth-stage investor MTIP, and the Austrian health provider Mavie Next. TK is also a co-founder of Pathmate Technologies, a university spin-off company that creates and delivers digital clinical pathways. However, this research did not involve CSS, Mavie Next, or Pathmate Technologies. EP and CK work at MTIP, a Swiss healthtech growth equity firm that helps founders scale up successful and sustainable digital health businesses.