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Article History

Received: 25 September 2024

Accepted: 28 April 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Health Research Institutes (NO.EC1110309-E) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant regulations. The IRB review was based on the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, ensuring that all participants were treated with fairness and dignity. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, who voluntarily participated after receiving sufficient information and without any form of coercion or manipulation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.