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Article History

Received: 24 June 2024

Accepted: 12 May 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involved de-identified, aggregate data from a pre-existing dataset that was licensed to Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and was not subject to Institutional Review Board approval at Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA or Analysis Group, Inc. Data were de-identified and comply with the patient requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996; therefore, no review by an institutional review board was required per Title 45 of CFR, Part 46.101(b)(4) . Informed consent was not needed as all patients were anonymized and only aggregate data are reported here. A research review committee at Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. approved the study protocol prior to the study initiation. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: GL, HG, and GMH are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and may own stock/stock options in Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. ND, YS, TW, HL, MM, and JS are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting firm that received funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA to conduct this study.