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Article History

Received: 20 March 2025

Accepted: 12 May 2025

First Online: 21 May 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Erzurum Technical University (Decision No: 10/16, Date: September 12, 2024). The committee reviewed the research protocol, including all instruments and procedures, and unanimously determined that the study posed no ethical concerns, ensuring compliance with national and international guidelines for research involving human participants. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Both nursing students and patients were provided with detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, and their rights, including the option to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.