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Authors
Nagai, Yoji
Kakei, Yasumasa
Kagimura, Tatsuo
Kojima, Shinsuke
Kowa, Hisatomo
Osaki, Tohmi
Kayano, Ryoma
Yamamoto, Yasuji
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
World Health Organization
WHO Centre for Health Development (WKC: K18001)
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Article History
Received: 25 October 2023
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 22 May 2025
Declarations
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: This study conformed to the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan, and the Law on the Protection of Personal Information (30 May 2003, Law No. 57). This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the World Health Organization (ERC.0002899) and Kobe University (Approval No. 170018). As this was an observational study, the ethics committee of Kobe University waived the requirement for obtaining informed consent from the study participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
