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Article History

Received: 28 November 2023

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 28 June 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines (Helsinki Declaration) and national law. The need for ethics approval was waived by the ethics committee of Medical School Brandenburg (Theodor Fontane), Waiver number: E-03-20220623. All participants gave their written informed consent to participate in the study.

: Not applicable.

: SG and RM head the surgical departments of two hospitals in the federal state of Brandenburg. Their departments are directly affected by the increased minimum volume standards. All other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported.