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Article History

Received: 18 September 2024

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 9 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed by the intstitutional review board (IRB) at the University of Vermont and was found to meet Except Criteria 45 CFR46.104(d)((4)(iii). The research involves only information collection and analysis involving the investigator's use of identifiable health information when that use is regulated under 45 CFR parts 160 and 164, subparts A and E, for the purposes of:health care operations" or "research" as those terms are defined at 45 CFR 164.501 or for "public health activities and purposes" as described under 45 CFR 164.512(b). Consent to participate was waived by the IRB at the University of Vermont under 45 CFR 164.512(i)(2)(ii).This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Vermont, and it was granted a waiver of informed consent for use of retrospective data. The study follows the ethics principals set forth by the Helsinki Declaration. The IRB approval number is STUDY00002203.

: Not applicable

: Alissa A Thomas, MD reports personal financial interest as a consultant for Roon and institutional funding as a site Principal Investigator for Novocure and Ono Pharmaceuticals. All other authors do not have competing interests.