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Article History

Received: 11 January 2025

Accepted: 18 June 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Declarations

:

: The research received ethics approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee at Mahidol University (approval certificate no. 2024/014.2401). The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human participants. Prior to participation, the study’s objectives, procedures, and participants’ rights—including confidentiality and the ability to withdraw without any consequences—were clearly explained. Informed consent was obtained using a detailed consent form. All collected data were anonymized and treated with strict confidentiality, ensuring their use solely for research purposes. This process safeguarded the rights and privacy of participants throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.