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Authors
Poirier, Mathieu JP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3842-0011
Nanyangwe-Moyo, Tina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9175-323X
de Vasconcelos, Natalia Pires https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-6904
Wang, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7761-1315
Lin, Gigi O https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-4418
Chieffi, Ana Luiza
Monaco, Cauê Freitas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-2156
Mao, Zun Ge https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2988-7813
Hoffman, Steven J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-3711
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (200120/Z/15/Z)
Research Council of Norway’s GLOBVAC Project (234608)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (172982)
Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science (ER16-12-197)
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Article History
Received: 5 April 2024
Accepted: 19 June 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable.
: SJH previously served as the Vice-President of Corporate Data & Surveillance at the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and the Scientific Director of the Institute of Population & Public Health at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). DW acted as a consultant for the National Council of Municipal Health Secretaries (CONASEMS). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of PHAC, CIHR, the Government of Canada or CONASEMS. The other authors have no competing interests to declare.
