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Authors
Alshehri, Fahad S.
Alorfi, Nasser M.
Ashour, Ahmed M.
Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman
Wali, Saad M.
Aldurdunji, Mohammed M.
Alsharif, Shaker T.
Alhasani, Reem Hasaballah
Aldekhail, Nasser M.
Alshehri, Abdullah S.
Hakami, Alqassem Y.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Salman center For Disability Research (KSRG-2024-211, KSRG-2024-211)
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 21 June 2025
First Online: 8 July 2025
Declarations
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: The study received approval from The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Umm Al-Qura University (Approval Number: HAPO-02-K-012-2024-10-2324). Participants were provided with a detailed information sheet outlining the study’s objectives, methodology, and their rights before participation. Informed consent was obtained electronically before respondents could proceed with the survey. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, secure data collection methods were used, and no personally identifiable information was collected. Participation was voluntary, with respondents free to withdraw at any time without penalty. The study adhered to ethical principles of beneficence, fairness, and autonomy, ensuring that participants’ rights and well-being were protected throughout the research process and in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
