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Authors
Cheng, Lanyan
Zhou, Deshui
Liao, Zangyi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX25_0542)
National Social Science Fund Youth Project (24CRK021)
National Bureau of Statistics National Statistical Science Research Project of China (2024LY099)
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2024
Accepted: 29 June 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study design was approved by the ethical review committee of Anhui University of Finance & Economics. All participants gave written informed consent. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2018 was officially approved for release by the National Bureau of Statistics of China (Population Mobility Dynamics Survey Report, National Statistics [2018] No. 45). Detailed information can be obtained from the following website: . Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from all participants during the data collection process. The data used in this study were also approved by the Mobility Service Center of the National Health and Wellness Commission of China. It is important to note that all procedures conducted in this study adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The authors declared that no generative AI or large language models were used in any stage of preparing this manuscript, including but not limited to writing, editing, or data analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
