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Treatment variability for shoulder pain between physician and non-physician clinicians based on initial setting and specific shoulder diagnosis: a health system analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13175-w

Published Online: 2025-10-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Rhon, Daniel I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4320-990X
Horn, Maggie E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-7389
Lee, Hui-Jie

Morton-Oswald, Sarah

George, Steven Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-9421
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

U.S. Department of Defense (MIRROR HU00011920011, MIRROR HU00011920011)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-16

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-16
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Article History

Received: 6 February 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 16 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received ethics approval from the Institutional Review Board at the the US Army Medical Center of Excellence. It was deemed exempt due to use of de-identified data and the consent requirement was waived by the IRB. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.

: N/A.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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