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Article History

Received: 15 January 2025

Accepted: 8 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The present study falls under (1) to (3) below. In medical research in Japan, the Ethical Guidelines for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2021), which are the standard ethical guidelines based on the Declaration of Helsinki, have been established. It defines research that meets the following conditions as not subject to the ethical guidelines. (1) Samples and information that have established academic value, are widely used for research purposes, and are generally available to the public. (2) Existing information that does not fall under the category of information on individuals. (3) Anonymized processed information that has already been created.

: Not applicable.

: None.

: The authors declare no competing interests.