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Article History

Received: 13 April 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 29 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Research Center at the University of Technology, Bahrain (UTB2024CAFSEC020) on 1 December 2024. Also, the research adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the IRB-HSBS informed consent guidelines of the University of Technology Bahrain. Further, informed consent was obtained from all the participants included in the study. Moreover, the study exclusively involved data collection from surgeons, scrub nurses or operating room nurses, anaesthesiologists or anesthesia providers, pathologists, operating theatre managers or coordinators, and others directly connected to the operating theatre activities from private multispecialty hospitals in India. Prior to their participation, all individuals were furnished with a comprehensive information sheet that outlined the purpose and details of the research. Participation in the study was entirely voluntary, and individuals were asked to complete the questionnaire only after they had thoroughly reviewed the information sheet and had any questions or concerns addressed. Data collectors or authors stress the importance of informed consent, ensuring that all participants were fully aware of the study’s objectives and their voluntary role in contributing to this research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Grammarly to check the spelling and grammar. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.