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Article History

Received: 4 January 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 2 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Navrongo Health Research Centre (NHRC) Institutional Review Board (ID: NHRCIRB5l5) before the commencement of the study. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the interviews. Before the interview, data collectors informed participants about the purpose of the study, data collection procedures as well as benefits and risks for taking part in the study. The consent document included the names of study investigators and that of the NHRC Institutional Review Board administrator. Two consent forms were signed by each participant and endorsed by the lead investigator. One of the signed consent forms was given to the participant and the other one was kept by the study investigators. To ensure confidentiality of information, codes were assigned to study participants and used in all study related documents.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: CHAG Christian Health Association of Ghana.CHPS Community-Based Health Planning and Services.DDHS District Director of Health Services.DPHN District Public Health Nurse.HRM Human Resource Manager.HRH Human Resources for Health.IDI In-depth Interviews.RAs Research Assistants.

: In accordance with Helsinki ethics declaration, the study team strictly complied with all ethical principles, which includes being faithful, just, not causing harm and respecting autonomy as well as confidentiality of participants’ personal information. Throughout the study, the team adhered to all ethical procedures and guidelines.

: S1: Raw data.S2: Interview guides.