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Article History

Received: 20 February 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 12 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was given by The University of Birmingham Sciences, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Ethical Review Committee application number: ERN_13-0450. Informed consent was obtained from each participant through written consent forms, which clearly outlined the purpose of the study and the rights of the participants. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent for participation in this research was acquired from participants using an information leaflet and verbal communication to outline the intention of the researcher to publish research findings. No identifiable information (image, face, name etc.) of participant is revealed in the submission. As no such information of participant is provided consent for publication is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.