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Authors
Karimi, Fereshte
Mosadeghrad, Ali Mohammad
Vaezi, Mohammad
Janbabaei, Ghasem
Ghobeishipour, Hoda
Nozarian, Mohammad Hussein
Mousavi, Seyed Asadollah
Fumani, Hossein Kamranzadeh
Rad, Soroush
Barkhordar, Maryam
Shiraji, Sahar Tavakoli
Ghavamzadeh, Ardeshir
Yaghmaie, Marjan
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 18 July 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Ethical approval was obtained from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (approval code: IR.TUMS.HORCSCT.REC.1402.003). As this was a retrospective study utilizing existing patient records, informed consent was waived by the ethics committee, in line with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki regarding research using identifiable human data without direct patient contact. All patient data were anonymized and handled confidentially to ensure participant privacy and data protection. Throughout all stages of the research, the investigators adhered to ethical guidelines, including maintaining the confidentiality of participants’ information and upholding the principles of respect, integrity, and transparency.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
