Document is current

Article History

Received: 27 November 2023

Accepted: 19 July 2025

First Online: 8 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Institutional Review Board. This work was determined non-human subject research (determination notice 14719) as qualitative interviews with HCWs were conducted in their professional capacity. National authorizations were obtained from the Ethical Committee of the School of Public Health of the University of Kinshasa (Letter ESP/CE/175/2020), Bangladesh’s Medical Research Council (Ref: BMRC/NREC/2019–2022/125, dated March 4, 2021), and CAR’s Ministry of Health and Population (Letter 065 MSP/DIRCAB/CTC-19/AA/20). Informed consent was obtained by each participant before the interview. No human participant or human tissue was used for this paper. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable, as no individual or identifiable information was used in the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.