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Article History

Received: 21 October 2024

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 14 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Assiut Faculty of Medicine prior to data collection, with the approval number 17101733. Additionally, administrative permission was obtained from the Assiut health directorate, including the regional health director and the heads of each participating hospital. These measures ensured that the study adhered to the highest ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Before starting the questionnaire, the study and its aim were thoroughly explained to each participant, ensuring they understood the purpose of their participation. Informed verbal consent was obtained from those who agreed to participate in the study. Participants were assured of privacy and confidentiality, which were maintained by removing their names from the data entry file and using only identification numbers.