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Authors
Dirie, Najib Isse https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3401-8383
Elmi, Abdullahi Hassan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5038-8017
Ahmed, Mohamed Mustaf https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5991-4052
Ahmed, Abdishakor Mohamud https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6118-8872
Olad, Omar Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2052-4529
Hassan, Mulki Mukhtar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3260-2860
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, as per the approval letter dated March 30, 2024, with reference number 2024/SU-IRB/FMHS/P063. All procedures followed in this study adhered to the relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, including the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant after clearly explaining the purpose of the study. Participants were assured that their responses would remain confidential and were explicitly informed that their involvement in the study was entirely voluntary.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
