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Authors
Hussain, Abid
Ruowei, Wang
Xia, Xu
Jameel, Arif
Chunhong, Shen
Ahmad, Saif
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Youth Innovation Team Development Plan for Universities in Shandong Province ((2022KJ339))
Youth Innovation Team Development Plan for Universities in Shandong Province ((2022KJ339))
Youth Innovation Team Development Plan for Universities in Shandong Province ((2022KJ339))
Youth Innovation Team Development Plan for Universities in Shandong Province ((2022KJ339))
Youth Innovation Team Development Plan for Universities in Shandong Province ((2022KJ339))
The National Social Science Fund of China ((BIA210184))
The National Social Science Fund of China ((BIA210184))
The National Social Science Fund of China ((BIA210184))
The National Social Science Fund of China ((BIA210184))
The National Social Science Fund of China ((BIA210184))
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Article History
Received: 29 January 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan (No: 997 HREC/2024), following the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. Participants were informed about the study’s objectives and were free to withdraw at any time. All collected data were anonymized and handled with strict confidentiality, adhering to ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
