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Authors
Dempsey, B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-7398
Blake, H. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-5931
Madan, I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-7329
Stevelink, S. A. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-7986
Greenberg, N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4550-2971
Raine, R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-749X
Rafferty, A. M.
Bhundia, R.
Wessely, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6743-9929
Lamb, Danielle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-9793
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Colt Foundation (CF/01/22)
Rosetrees Trust (M952)
Medical Research Council (MR/V034405/1)
Economic and Social Research Council (ES/V009931/1)
UCL/Wellcome (ISSF3/ H17RCO/C3)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the NHS CHECK study was granted by the Health Research Authority (reference: 20/HRA/2107, IRAS: 282686) and local Trust Research and Development approval. Informed consent was collected electronically prior to participation. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
: Not applicable.
: SAM Stevelink is supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, NIHR Advanced Fellowship, Dr Sharon Stevelink, NIHR300592. SAM Stevelink is also an independent scientific member of the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care, or the Industrial Injuries Advisory Council. SW is a member of the NHS England board.
