Document is current

Article History

Received: 18 September 2024

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration [ ]. We followed the principles of good practice set out in the UK Policy Framework for Health and Social Care Research [ ] throughout this research. The Health Research Authority’s Decision Tool determined that this aspect of the study did not meet the criteria for NHS ethics review. We, therefore, sought and secured a favourable ethical opinion from the School of Healthcare Sciences Research Ethics Committee in Cardiff University (REC983) as part of our commitment to good research practice. Prior to survey completion, participants were provided with a copy of the participant information sheet, they were given an opportunity to contact the research team to ask any questions and they completed an online consent form which followed the principles for ensuring valid, informed consent deemed appropriate by Cardiff University School of Health Sciences. Each participant was able to download a copy of their consent form. For participants wishing to complete a paper version of the survey, the same consent form was made available in paper format. Any data that were not accompanied by a valid consent form were excluded from analyses. All data has been stored securely in line with current University and NHS research governance and general data protection regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.