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Authors
Chimwaza, Yamikani https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1563-341X
Chapuma, Chikondi
Ndamala, Chifundo
Lifa, Emily
Machilika, Mercy
Dossie, Bernard
Kwelepeta, Meliya
Maseko, Bertha
Lissauer, David
Nyondo-Mipando, Alinane Linda
Odland, Maria Lisa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR300808)
Wellcome Trust (206545/Z/17/Z)
UK Research and Innovation (MR/T039353/1)
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2024
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (P.10/22/3793) and the University of Liverpool Central University Research Ethics Committee (UoL001719). Ethical approval for the parent study (The Lactate study) was obtained from the Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (P.10/22/3553) and the University of Liverpool Central University Research Ethics Committee (UoL10737). All participants provided written informed consent and were informed of their right to terminate their participation at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
