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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 4 September 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring the ethical adherence of all participants involved in the interest holder engagements. Internal ethical approval was obtained from the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) (DOR/2023/047) and Strathmore University, while external ethical approval was obtained from the KEMRI Scientific and Ethics Review Unit (SERU) (Approval No. 29012024) and NACOSTI (Approval No. P/24/41708). All participants provided informed written consent before their inclusion in the study.

: The INSPIRE network is a network of population health providers, with the objective of harmonizing, sharing and analyzing the data from the network. As such many members have contributed data, expertise and code to enable the network and the mental health work to succeed. For that reason, we would like to acknowledge the contributions of members across the whole network. For further inquiries regarding the consortia, please contact the nominated representative, Pauline Andeso, at pandeso@aphrc.org.

: The authors declare no competing interests.