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Authors
Cui, Wenhui
Li, Yilin
Fang, Huiyan
Chen, Weizhuo
Xiao, Wenqi
Ye, Ting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074087)
the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) the Humanities and Social Sciences Fund (20YJC630193)
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Article History
Received: 12 January 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (protocol code IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided informed consent at the time of their participation. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant ethical guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
