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Article History

Received: 11 January 2025

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (Ethics number: 202237). The need for written informed consent from individual participants was waived due to the anonymized nature of the data and the absence of direct patient interaction. All data were obtained from the hospital’s electronic health records (EHRs) and de-identified to protect participant privacy. The study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and followed guidelines for the ethical use of historical patient data.

: This study does not disclose any identifiable information of the participants (including but not limited to images, faces, or names) in the manuscript; therefore, a “Consent for Publication” statement is not applicable. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and followed ethical guidelines for the use of historical patient data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.