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Authors
Merati, Shekoofeh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-1950
Nasiripour, Amir Ashkan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2569-6118
Riahi, Leila https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2044-5600
Hajinabi, Kamran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-7106
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: This article is derived from a doctoral thesis in health and medical services management, approved by the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran (Ethical Code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1399.051). The study adheres to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants and formally documented using a mandatory Yes/No question.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
