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Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 14 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All data sources were retrospective, routinely collected, and anonymized. The data contains no identifiable information on individuals, and there is no possibility of re-identification. No intervention at the individual level was conducted. Approval for this study was not required according to article 2 of the Swiss Federal Law on Research Involving Human Subjects. Since data were completely anonymized, no patient consent was necessary (The Human Research Act and the Ethics Committees for Research, Factsheet by the Coordination Office for Human Research (kofam), page 9: “Research projects with (…) anonymous health-related personal data are exempt from the requirement for approval”).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.