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Authors
Singer, Ariel
Mahmud, Ammarah
Mun, Sophia
Westbrook, Emily
Barnes, Kathleen
Coleman, Katie
Ewing, John
Haan, Heidi Den
Brown, Meagan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kaiser Permanente Washington Learning Health System Program
Kaiser Permanente National Community Health
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2024
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Kaiser Permanente Interregional Institutional Review Board reviewed the project proposal and determined that it was not human subjects research. Specifically, they noted that this work serves as quality improvement and does not require IRB review or informed consent for participation. The work in this manuscript was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
