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Authors
Prado-Galbarro, Francisco-Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-5228
Carmona-Rodríguez, Montserrat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-7745
del Pino-Sedeño, Tasmania https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-8975
Martín-Saborido, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-6768
Sanchez-Piedra, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-7347
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Red de Investigación en CroniCidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RD21/0016 and RD21/0016/0019)
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 18 October 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study is based entirely on secondary, publicly available, and anonymized data. In accordance with applicable legal and regulatory frameworks, including the Spanish Organic Law 3/2018 on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights, no formal ethical approval or informed consent was required. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
