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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of West China Hospital (No.2023822). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study participants voluntarily participated in the study. Before the study, they were informed about the study’s objectives and methodology. All participants provided informed consent by confirming the statement, “If you are willing to participate in the study, click the ‘Start’ button,” which appeared at the beginning of the electronic questionnaire. Additionally, completing and submitting the questionnaire was regarded as an indication of consent to participate. The questionnaires were completed anonymously, and the participants’ information was kept confidential.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.