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Authors
Ward, Charlotte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-7850
Chimwaza, Wanangwa
Malata, Monica
Phiri, Elias Rejoice Maynard
Nyondo-Mipando, Alilane Linda
Kumitawa, Andrew
Phiri, Vincent Samuel
Goodman, Catherine
Mwapasa, Victor
Powell-Jackson, Timothy
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research
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Article History
Received: 2 April 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committees of Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (ref 3264) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (ref 22826). Individual-level, informed consent was obtained from all potential respondents to the IHMS survey. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: N/a.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
