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Authors
Nawawi, Mohd Hanif Mohd
Ibrahim, Mohd Ismail
Yaacob, Najib Majdi
Zain, Maizun Mohd
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Article History
Received: 28 June 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: The investigation conformed to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Universiti Sains Malaysia Human Research Ethics Committee (USM/JEPeM/KK/24080655) and the National Medical Research Registry (NMRR ID-24-02809-XTS). Written informed consent was obtained from all respondents; all information collected remained strictly confidential.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
