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Authors
Oommen, Anu Mary https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2932-7827
Ashfaq, Maleeha https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3272-2980
Viswanathan, Vidhya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-2976
Singarayar, Pravin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6709-8539
Muniswamy, Venugopal https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3186-7602
Palaniraja, Sathishrajaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6103-420X
D, Priya Ranjani https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0164-7047
Ravikumar, Harini Sri https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4402-4346
Jeyapaul, Shalini https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-1580
Kane, Sumit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-7344
Selvinayagam, T.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2175-9927
Basu, Partha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-4050
Brotherton, Julia M.L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-3105
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India (IRB Min. No 14314; INTERVEN), the Alfred Hospital Ethics Committee (HREC Ref 80134, Local Reference: project 601/21), Melbourne, Australia, the IARC Ethics Committee (IEC 21–32), Lyon, France, the Salem Polyclinic Institutional Ethics Committee (SPCIEC/2022/June/01/02), Tamil Nadu, India and the Scientific Advisory Committee, Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai, Tamil Nadu (R. No. 011575/HEB/A2/2023). Approval was also obtained from the Health Ministry’s Screening Committee (HMSC). All participants in the FGDs provided written informed consent, while the interviews which were conducted online were conducted with oral consent. The study was conducted based on the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: JMLB was previously employed by the Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer (ACPCC), which has received funding for commercial validation projects from Abbott, AusDiagnostics, Cepheid, Copan, Roche, Seegene, Teal Health, and V-Veil. ACPCC has also received equipment of supplies from Abbott, AusDiagnostics, BD, Cepheid, Copan, Hologic, MicroBix, NRL, Qiagen, Rovers, Roche and Seegene for research purposes. All other investigators are part of the SHE-CAN trial for which consumables have been donated by Copan, Abbott, and Seegene, while Cepheid provided special pricing for its products through its Global Access Program. Liger India provided special introductory pricing for the IRIS thermocoagulator with digital colposcope. The sponsors of the study and supplies had no role in designing or writing this paper.
: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/WHO.
