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Authors
Yu, Hairui
Yu, Jing
Jiao, Jian
Wang, Ziyue
Luo, Ting
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2024
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from both the Institutional Review Board at the University of Toledo, Ohio (where the first author, Yu, took graduate coursework in independent research and gerontological practice) and Huai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province, China. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study. All participants are protected through anonymization.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
