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Authors
Izumi, Shigeko
Mood, Laura
Velk, Lace
Szper, Courtney
Fifield, Alexis
Ayala, Darcey
Dawson, Walter D.
Womack, Dana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Nurses Foundation
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: A written informed consent was obtained from each participant before observation and interviews. This study was reviewed and approved by the Oregon Health & Science University Institutional Review Board (IRB# 00024288) on April 6, 2022 and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Information regarding participants are anonymized, and this manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
