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Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 21 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee and by the Ethics Committee of Liaocheng Second People’s Hospital in China. To ensure participants were fully informed, they were provided with an information sheet that described the purpose of the study, its benefits, risks, conditions for withdrawal. All participants took part voluntarily, gave written informed consent, confirmed oral consent at the start of each interview. To avoid any potential harm or consequences for participants based on their views, all information was anonymised and kept strictly confidential.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.