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Article History

Received: 2 January 2025

Accepted: 27 November 2025

First Online: 5 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The research activities for this study were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study is part of an ongoing NCD Nepal Study [ ]. We obtained ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref: 2483) and a written informed consent from each FCHV. Before obtaining consent, data collectors informed participants that their participation was voluntary, explained the purpose of the study and the interview, and discussed logistics, the use of audio recording, and de-identification procedures.

: Not applicable.

: Y.P. is supported by the National Institutes of Health Awards K23HL171954, 1R01HL173523, and from the Patient-Centered Outcome Research Institute Award BPS‐2023C1‐31377. B.A. is supported by the National Institutes of Health Awards R01MH133231, R01AA029303, R01MH135376, and R01TW012682. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or Patient-Centered Outcome Research Institute. Other authors have nothing to disclose.