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Authors
Chen, Kuan-Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5729-755X
Wen, Ming-Fang
Tsai, Hsin-Yu
Chen, Jo-Hsi
Huang, Yen-Ming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8673-2269
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study received approved from the Research Ethics Committee at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH-REC, 202104088RINB). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment. The research procedures were conducted in accordance with NTUH-REC polices and with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors used generative AI (ChatGPT 4o) to assist with translating texts and language polish, ensuring the research findings are expressed in a more fluent language.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
