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Authors
Brehon, Katelyn
Miciak, Maxi
Krebs, Brandon
Niemelainen, Riikka
Dick, Bruce D.
Straube, Sebastian
Brémault-Phillips, Suzette
Gross, Douglas P.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Government of Alberta
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board (Reference Number: Pro00120406) and was conducted in adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: SS reports grants from the Workers’ Compensation Board – Alberta, the Government of Alberta, the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, and the Alberta Medical Association. SS also reports honoraria from the Occupational Medicine Specialists of Canada, the M.S.I. Foundation, the Canadian Centre of Recovery Excellence, and The Policy Works. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
