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Authors
Midaksa, Miresa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-340X
Destaw, Alemnew
Getachew, Sefonias
Tamrat, Dagnachew
Lobi, Husnia Hussen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-3161
Addissie, Adamu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-3606
Kantelhardt, Eva J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-719X
Gizaw, Muluken https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-5852
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethiopian National Research Ethics Review Technical Guideline (2022). Ethical approval was obtained from the Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (IRERC) with protocol number: (049/24/SPH) after reviewing the study protocol. Permission was obtained from the responsible body in the study setting. Oral informed consent was obtained from all participants, and their confidentiality and anonymity were fully protected throughout the research. The consent procedure was approved by the said ethics review committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
