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Authors
Yin, Yue
Gao, Wenqing
Cui, Xiujuan
Li, Minlin
Fang, Zijin
Du, Yixin
Tang, Wenxi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72174207)
China Health Promotion Foundation (http://www.chpf.cn/CPItemA.aspx?id=1625)
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University, which determined that formal ethics approval was not required. The study did not involve human tissues and the questionnaire did not violate personal privacy. All data were collected anonymously to ensure participant confidentiality. Participation in this study was entirely voluntary. Prior to the survey, all potential participants received a clear explanation of the research purpose and were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Following this, informed consent was obtained from each individual who agreed to proceed with the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
