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Article History

Received: 4 March 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted from the Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining the approval of ethics committee and the necessary permits from the relevant authorities, the researcher introduced himself to directorates of each pre-hospital emergency department. A well-trained and experienced research assistant explained study objectives to participants and told them that their participation was voluntary and refusal to participate would not result in any negative consequences. All participants were assured of the confidentiality of all the information of the research and only the researchers have access to the data. Then informed consent was obtained from all study participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.