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Article History

Received: 5 September 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board at An-Najah National University (Reference #: Farm.Med.Jan.2024/39), with additional administrative authorization obtained from the Palestinian Ministry of Health. Prior to participation, all individuals received a detailed explanation of the study’s objectives and procedures and subsequently provided electronic informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.