Esperança, Marco https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0064-2424
Ferreira, Joao C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-0806
Martins, Ana Lucia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-6595
Funding for this research was provided by:
Molde University College - Specialized University in Logistics
Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 1 January 2026
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Technologies and Architecture of ISCTE (Comissão de Ética da Escola de Tecnologias e Arquitetura), under approval number CE-ISTA/2025.04. Participation in this study was entirely voluntary. Before completing the questionnaire, all participants were provided with an information sheet detailing the study’s purpose, procedures, data confidentiality measures, and their rights as participants. Written informed consent was obtained digitally from all respondents prior to participation. The study ensured anonymity by not collecting identifiable information or participants’ IP addresses, and no compensation or incentives were offered for participation. All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.