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Authors
Matenga, Tulani Francis L.
Corbin, J. Hope
Zulu, Joseph Mumba
Herce, Michael E.
Mwila, Chilambwe
Mandyata, Chomba
Frimpong, Christiana
Siame, Mmamulatelo
Shankalala, Perfect
Mbewe, Peter
Chisenga, Peter
Sichone, Pendasambo
Musheke, Maurice
Mutale, Wilbroad
Mweemba, Oliver
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study procedures were approved by the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (UNZABREC), the Zambia National Health Research Authority (NHRA), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institutional Review Board. Individual consent was sought from each participant before any study procedures. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. As part of the informed consent process, the interviewer explained the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. All participants were notified that they were free to withdraw from the study, leave the room, or refrain from contributing at any time and were allowed to ask questions and voice concerns. It was also made clear to all participants that their decision to withdraw had no potential consequence on their access to healthcare services. The study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
