Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 November 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The Helsinki Declaration was followed in the conduct of this study. Before data collection, ethical clearance was granted by Jimma University Institute of Health’s institutional review board (Ref. No: JUIH/IRB/388/23). A cooperation letter was received from the nursing school and submitted to the Jimma Medical Center clinical directorate. A permission letter was obtained from the hospital before data collection. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, stating that participation is voluntary and they have the right to withdraw at any time from the study. Confidentiality was ensured throughout the process of the research study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.