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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Approval for this study was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Mianyang Central Hospital (Approval No. S20250342-01). The requirement for informed consent, including from the parents or legal guardians of patients under the age of 16, was explicitly waived by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Mianyang Central Hospital due to the retrospective and non-interventional design of the study. All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study involved the secondary use of de-identified data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.